Garrison et al. (2017)

Monitoring what is real: The effects of modality and action on accuracy and type of reality monitoring error

Cortex, 87, 108-117

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DOI

Reference

Garrison, J. R., Bond, R., Gibbard, E., Johnson, M. K., & Simons, J. S. (2017). Monitoring what is real: The effects of modality and action on accuracy and type of reality monitoring error. Cortex, 87, 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.018

What Rests on This

1 mechanism cites this source. Each finding below is quoted as it appears on that mechanism's own page.

Reality Monitoring Metacognition

Measured in humans

The standard test has people see a complete word pair (e.g., "Laurel and Hardy") or imagine the missing second word, then later shown the first word and asked whether its partner was perceived, imagined, or whether the word is new
Measured in humans

Healthy adults' errors lean outward: in 45 participants, imagined items called perceived outnumbered perceived items called imagined (partial eta squared = .40 among the 33 who made errors), and imagining in the auditory rather than visual modality lowered accuracy for imagined items (d = 1.11)