Kausche et al. (2025)

Fear and safety learning in anxiety- and stress-related disorders: An updated meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 169, 105983

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DOI

Reference

Kausche, F. M., Carsten, H. P., Sobania, K. M., & Riesel, A. (2025). Fear and safety learning in anxiety- and stress-related disorders: An updated meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 169, 105983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105983

What Rests on This

1 mechanism cites this source. Each finding below is quoted as it appears on that mechanism's own page.

Classical Conditioning Memory Systems

Measured in humans

A 2025 meta-analysis pooling 77 fear-conditioning studies (2,052 patients with anxiety- or stress-related disorders and 3,258 healthy controls) found reliable group differences in responses to safety cues and during extinction, but no difference in CS+/CS− discrimination, updating an earlier meta-analysis of 44 studies